Complexity and Ethical Challenges in Translation
Errors in a Victorian Supreme Court trial’s interpretation have highlighted the critical role human expertise plays in translation, despite advances in AI technology. The trial involved more than 200 interpretation errors, showing concerns about fairness when evidence from an Arabic-speaking witness was distorted. Proceedings continued only after a second interpreter reviewed the transcripts.
Experts warn that while AI is reshaping the translation industry, human interpreters are essential for managing the complexities of language and context. Translation involves more than language fluency; it includes cultural and ethical judgement, especially in high-pressure environments like courtrooms and hospitals.
“There is a lot of concern about AI, but I don’t believe the profession will disappear,” said Professor Ludmila Stern from ADA’s School of Humanities & Languages. “What we need to be careful about is how these technologies are used.”
AI’s Role and Limitations
While AI tools can enhance efficiency in written translations, they cannot replace the real-time judgement required in interpreting. This process involves instant decision-making to convey not just words but the intended meaning and nuance.
Professor Sandra Hale from UNSW, a pioneer in legal interpreting research, emphasised the importance of human oversight. “A machine doesn’t understand meaning; it processes patterns,” she said. “So whatever it produces still needs to be checked by an expert translator.”
The demand for skilled interpreters is rising due to Australia’s growing linguistic diversity, with more than 300 languages spoken nationwide. Courts and hospitals frequently require interpreters to facilitate communication in these multilingual settings.
As technology integrates into translation practices, human experts remain crucial in ensuring accuracy and ethical standards. Challenges such as confidentiality and bias in AI systems further reinforce the necessity of professional human oversight.
UNSW’s Master of Interpreting and Translation programme, founded by Prof. Stern, is now in its 20th year, reflecting the ongoing need for trained professionals in this evolving field. This highlights that education and training are essential for maintaining the quality of interpretation services.
Last updated: 29 June 2026, 12:09 pm
